Supplementary Notes On Stereochemistry

Supplementary Notes On Stereochemistry

By   11:08   3 comments:

This Post is related to Concepts in Stereochemistry and it's application.
Some of the key points of this notes is:

• Relationship between Symmetry and Chirality.
• Some terminology used in Stereochemistry (enantiomers, diastereomers, optical activity, etc)
• R/S Nomenclature System.
• Assigning absolute structures in various projections of chiral molecules.
• molecules with more than one Chiral Centres.

NOTE: This Notes is just for quick revision, for detailed study i would suggest you to Go Through books.

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Conformational Analysis Of Organic Reactions

Conformational Analysis Of Organic Reactions

By   12:09   No comments:

This post contains Conformational Analysis of Organic Reactions and Their effect on Kinetic and Thermodynamic Stability of product.

Stereochemistry and Conformation of Products in Organic Reaction is very much important, Stereo of a compound determines its functions.

Some Of the topics Covered under this post are:

• Conformational Analysis of Different Organic Compounds

• Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Organic Reactions.

• Reaction Mechanism and Conformational Effect on Reactivity.

 Viewers Also Downloaded Following Notes:

1. Organic reagents used in Oxidation Reactions
2. Organic Reagents used in Reduction Reactions.

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Organic Reagents For Reduction Reaction (Reduction Reactions)

Organic Reagents For Reduction Reaction (Reduction Reactions)

By   10:44   No comments:

Extending Our previous post on Organic Reagents for Oxidation Reaction, This Post contains Organic Reagents for Reduction Reactions.
Reduction of an organic compound usually include conversion of functional groups like carboxylic acid to aldehyde, ketones and aldehyde to primary and secondory alcohol respectively, Nitro groups to Amino group, etc. These reagents are very useful for these conversions. The resulting product will have a definite stereochemistry and to know this it becomes very essential to learn mechanisms of these conversions too.

These Notes include all reagents alongwith proper explanation, examples and mechanism.

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Reagents For Oxidation Reaction (Oxidising Reagents)

Reagents For Oxidation Reaction (Oxidising Reagents)

By   11:55   No comments:

This Post contains Organic Reagents for Oxidation Reactions.
The Notes are from NPTEL [The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), a project funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD)] 

These Notes include all reagents alongwith proper explanation and mechanism.
Download and enjoy

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Practice Problems On Coordination Chemistry

Practice Problems On Coordination Chemistry

By   12:39   No comments:

Presenting Some Practice Problems on Coordination Chemistry, These papers are prepared by Jadveer Singh Sir of Chemistry Classes Allahabad. Under His Excellent Guidance many students have Qualified for CSIR and IIT JAM. Standard of Questions are maintained as per CSIR Level.

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Cabenes - A Brief Introduction

Cabenes - A Brief Introduction

By   14:40   No comments:

A carbene is a neutral molecule which contains a carbon atom with an electron valency of 6 (two bonds and two nonbonding electrons). They are a very reactive type of compound, often too reactive to be observed.

Carbenes can be classified into two major forms:

1. Singlet Carbene
2. Triplet Carbene

 The two classes of carbenes are singlet and triplet carbenes. Singlet carbenes are spin-paired. In the language of valence bond theory, the molecule adopts an sp² hybrid structure. Triplet carbenes have two unpaired electrons.

Properties Of Singlet Carbenes

•  spin multiplicity (2s+1) = 1

• diamagnetic in nature.

• Both Non-Bonding electrons are paired.

• sp² hybridised   

• less stable

Properties of Triplet Carbene 

•  spin multiplicity (2s+1) =3

• paramagnetic in nature.

• Both Non-Bonding electrons are unpaired.

• sp² hybridised   

• more stable

 

Why is Triplet Carbene more stable than Singlet Carbene?

Fairly well asked question, One of the most basic explanation to this question is, In singlet carbene, there are two electrons which are in the same orbital and they repell each one another since they have both the same negative electric charge. in a triplet carbene the two electrons are in different orbitals and there is no repusive force between them

 

Methods Of Formation Of carbenes:

 1. From Haloform

[NOTE:as the Leaving Group ability of the leaving group increases, the rate of formation of carbene increases]

2. From Ketene

3. From Diazo Compounds

 

 4. From Acid Halide

5. From Tosylhydrazones

 6. From Active methylene Compounds

 7. Shapiro Reaction

In this Reaction, the tosyl hydrazones (p-Toluenesulfonyl hydrazones) of aliphatic aldehydes or ketones furnish more substituted alkenes when treated with strong bases like NaOMe, NaH, LiH, NaNH₂ etc.

mechanism:

In aprotic solvents, the diazo compound loses dinitrogen and gives a carbene, which undergoes a faster 1,2-hydrogen shift to furnish a Z-alkene predominantly. 

Chemical Properties of Carbenes

In this section we are going to discuss some Common Name Reactions in which Carbenes are obtained as reaction intermediate.

Wolf Rearrangement

Insertion Reactions of Carbene

1. Insertion with Alkene:

i)insertion of singlet carbene:

ii) insertion of triplet carbene:

2. Insertion with Benzene:

3. Insertion with Pyrrol (Riemann Tiemann Reaction)

Simon Smith Carbene

Arndt Ester Synthesis:

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